RCM and PSM Strategies for Strengthening Asset Integrity Across U.S. Energy Facilities: A Systematic Meta-Analysis

Abstract

This study examines how Reliability-Centered Maintenance, Process Safety Management, advanced manufacturing capability, and energy storage and grid-integration resilience contribute to Long-Term Asset Integrity Performance across U.S. energy facilities. The research addresses fragmentation among maintenance reliability, process-safety governance, digital maintenance technologies, and storage and grid-resilience practices, which can weaken failure identification, maintenance prioritization, hazard control, degradation response, and coordination across energy systems. The purpose is to determine the individual and combined effects of Reliability-Centered Maintenance Implementation Effectiveness, Process Safety Management Implementation Effectiveness, Advanced Manufacturing and Maintenance Capability, and Energy Storage and Grid Integration Resilience Capability on Long-Term Asset Integrity Performance. A quantitative, cross-sectional, multiple-case-study-based survey design was employed across U.S. energy-facility cases involving generation, transmission and distribution, renewable energy, energy storage and grid integration, process-energy, and multi-asset environments. Purposive sampling produced 298 usable responses from 330 questionnaires after screening 312 returns. Data were collected using a five-point Likert questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha, KMO and Bartlett’s tests, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, VIF, tolerance, Durbin-Watson analysis, and residual diagnostics. Measurement quality was strong, with alpha values of .87 to .91, overall alpha = .92, KMO = .903, and Bartlett’s test p < .001. LTAIP recorded M = 4.23, SD = 0.50. Correlations with LTAIP were PSMIE, r = .77, ESGIRC, r = .74, RCMIE, r = .72, and AMMC, r = .68, all p < .001. The regression model explained 72.4% of LTAIP variance, R² = .724, adjusted R² = .720, F (4,293) = 192.15, p < .001. PSMIE was the strongest predictor, β = .31, followed by ESGIRC, β = .28, RCMIE, β = .25, and AMMC, β = .19. The findings support H1 through H5 and imply that long-term asset integrity improves when maintenance, safety, digital capability, and grid-resilience systems operate as coordinated socio-technical capabilities.